Criminal and administrative law.

Legal liability is the application of coercive measures to a person who has committed an offense, as provided by law.

Types of legal liability: punitive (criminal record - in criminal law, the presence of a penalty - in administrative and labor law), remedial (application of measures of state influence).

Offense is any act that violates any rule of law, which is a legal fact.

Although any offense is a unique act of human activity, with unique features, it is possible to identify typical features that are characteristic of any offense. Such signs are called the composition of the offense.

The composition of the offense (corpus delicti) is a set of signs necessary and sufficient for the official recognition that a socially dangerous, illegal, guilty and punishable act has been committed.

The corpus delicti includes:

- The object;

- The subject;

- The objective side;

- The subjective side.


The object is a circle of social relations protected by the law in which the act occurred, which caused harm. What the crime is aimed at.


The subject is the person who committed the crime.


The objective side is a characteristic of the act, the method of its commission and the details of legal significance.


The subjective side is the mental characteristic of the subject of the offense. These are forms of guilt, purpose and motive.


Guilt is a set of features necessary and sufficient for the act to be committed intentionally or carelessly and by this person.

If there are doubts about the sanity of the person who committed the crime, can be assigned to medical interventions:

- Outpatient compulsory observation and treatment by a psychiatrist;

- Compulsory treatment in a general psychiatric hospital;

- Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a special type;

- Compulsory treatment in a psychiatric hospital of a special type with intensive observation.


Forms of guilt: intent (direct or indirect), negligence (thoughtlessly or negligence).

The motive is the motivation of the person who guided the crime.

The goal of a crime is the result that a person seeks to achieve by committing a crime.

Signs of the subject of the offense:

- Physical person (a crime cannot be committed by a legal entity)

- Responsibility (the subject of the crime must be aware of the unlawfulness of the committed act);

- Age (as a general rule, the age of responsibility is 16 years, in special cases - from 14 years).

The objective side consists of the following factors:

- The act;

- A causal relationship between the act and effect;

- Time, place, situation and other detailed data.

Administrative offense

An administrative offense is an encroachment on the state and public order, the rights and freedoms of citizens, a wrongful guilty act or omission for which administrative responsibility is provided. In this act, the nature of public danger is lower than that of a crime.

Administrative misconduct includes: misconduct in the field of occupational safety and health, violation of sanitary and hygienic rules, violation of public order.