Types of human rights and freedoms

Human rights are the collective will of society, which the state is called upon to ensure.

Citizenship status is determined by the institution of citizenship, its special legal relationship with the state. This connection means both state assistance in the exercise of civil rights and their protection from unlawful restriction.

Human rights are inalienable, inseparable, materially determined and guaranteed by the state the ability of an individual to enjoy and enjoy specific benefits: social, economic, political, civil (personal) and cultural.

Human rights and freedoms in Russia are classified for three main reasons:

• personal;

• political;

• social, economic and cultural.

- Personal rights determine the status of an individual in the Russian Federation, that is, a person at the same time as a biological being (life, health, etc.) and endowed with reason, feelings, abilities, having his own interests and living in society.

- Political rights regulate the status of a person as a participant in political life and a member of civil society.

- Economic, social and cultural rights contribute to the implementation of human abilities in society and create the conditions for his normal life.

Political rights and freedoms

The main are the rights and freedoms that are enshrined in the constitution. These rights cannot be changed or abolished, except in the case of a new constitution. It is forbidden to issue regulations that detract from these rights.

The absence of any rights and freedoms in the text of the constitution does not mean the absence of these rights and freedoms.

In the Russian Federation, a person is recognized for all possible rights and freedoms, that is, everything that is not prohibited by law

The main rights and freedoms in Russia include personal rights:

• For life;

• On dignity;

• To liberty and security of person;

• Free definition of nationality and language;

• To freedom of movement, choice of place of stay and residence;

• Departure from the Russian Federation and return to the Russian Federation;

• Freedom of conscience and religion;

• Confidentiality (and freedom) of correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications;

• Freedom of information;

• Freedom of thought and speech.

The specificity of political rights is that some of them (the right to participate in the management of state affairs, the right to vote) may belong only to citizens of the Russian Federation. The citizen of the Russian Federation acquires the right to vote from the age of 18.

Economic rights and freedoms

The main economic human rights in the Russian Federation are:

• The right to private property (including land);

• The right to business activity;

• The right to protection from monopolism and unfair competition;

• Prohibition of alienation of property without a relevant court decision. The right of private property implies the ability to own, use and dispose of their property, including the means of production.

Entrepreneurship is an activity aimed at making a profit.

In the Russian Federation, unfair competition is prohibited (agreements on the removal of a subject from the market, agreements on price maintenance, etc.), as well as monopolistic activities (with the exception of natural monopolies, the gas industry, railways, alcohol production, etc.).

In the Russian Federation, a person may be deprived of his property only by a court decision. (This also applies to cases of lawful loss of property, for example, in case of failure to fulfill obligations secured by collateral.)

Labor rights and freedoms

Labor rights that regulate the status of a person as a participant in labor relations (as a rule, as an employee) are considered a kind of economic rights.

Labor rights include:

• The right to the minimum wage;

• The right to protection against unemployment;

• The right to safe and hygienic working conditions;

• The right to individual and collective disputes;

• The right to rest.

Social rights and freedoms

Social rights are designed to ensure normal living conditions for a person, to support (including financially) vulnerable categories of people with disabilities, orphans, pensioners, mothers with young children, etc.

These include:

• The right to health and medical care;

• The right to housing (including free of charge);

• The right to a healthy environment;

• The right to a pension;

• The right to social security according to age, in case of illness, disability, loss of a breadwinner and other cases established by law.

Human rights in the field of culture and education include:

• The right to education (including free);

• The right to participate in cultural life;

• The right to use cultural institutions, to access cultural values;

The right to freedom of literary, artistic, scientific, technical and other types of creativity, teaching;

• The right to protection of intellectual property.

Special kind of fundamental human rights are rights in the field of justice (rights to protect rights).

In Russia, it is:

• Equality of all before the court and the law;

• The right to judicial protection;

• The right to appeal to interstate human rights bodies and organizations;

• The right to appeal against actions and decisions of state bodies;

• Presumption of innocence;

• The right not to incriminate oneself and close relatives;

• The right to compensation for harm caused by an unlawful conviction.